On-line hybrid computer arrangements having universal interfacing capability for electric power system studies

ABSTRACT

Hybrid computer arrangements for electric power system simulation and study include a modularized analog network simulator and a digital computer which may be interfaced through a data link to a remote digital computer for transmission of electric power system network variables. The electric power system is modulated by the analog simulator which includes modular circuits representative of power system components. With use of the input data to the digital computer, the computer and analog simulator are capable of operating to generate loadflow solutions and perform transient stability studies.

United States P atent 1191 Carlson et a1.

[ Aug. 27, 1974 1 ON-LINE HYBRID COMPUTER ARRANGEMENTS HAVING UNIVERSAL INTERFACING CAPABILITY FOR ELECTRIC POWER SYSTEM STUDIES Inventors: Norman R. Carlson, Export; Uri G.

Ronnen, Monroeville, both of Pa.

Assignee: Westinghouse Electric Corporation,

Pittsburgh, Pa.

Filed: May 19,1972

Appl. No.: 254,858

US. Cl 235/15L2l, 444/1, 307/18 Int. Cl...... G06j l/00, G06f 15/06, G06f 15/56 Field of Search 235/15'1.2l, 150.5; 307/18,

References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 9/1967 Kaufman et a1. 235/1505 X 6/1971 Brussolo 235/1505 7/1972 Mitsui et a1 235/184 X 10/1972 Van Essen 340/1725 X 10/1972 Cohn 235/184 X OTHER PUBLICATIONS Load Flows by Hybrid Computation for Power System Operations; M. Enns, T. C. Giras, and N. R. Carlson; IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems, November/December 1971, pp. 2540-2547. v Techniques for the Real-Time Monitoring of Power System Operations; G. W. Stagg, J. F. Dopazo, O. A. Klitin, and L. S. Vanslyck; IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems; Vol. PAS-89, No. 4, April 1970, pp. 545-555.

Load Flows Using a Combination of Point Jacobi and Newtons Methods; Y. P. Dusonchet, S. N. Talukdar, H. E. Sinott; IEEE Transactions on Power Apparatus and Systems; Vol. PAS-90, No. 3, May/June 1971, pp. 941-949.

Computer Control of Power Systems; The Engineer,

Oct. 2, 1964.

Primary Examiner -Charles E. Atkinson Assistant ExaminerEdward J. Wise Attorney, Agent, or FirmF. H. Henson ABSTRACT 9 Claims, 41 Drawing Figures NORTH ,us 13 u i I EHVlSOOKV 3a) 4 5* 2 3 13 4 LOAD 3g PHILADELPHIA {20 L21 12 [5e 2 i 3 47 EHV .4 BUFFALO 2e EHV LOAD WASHINGTON r 22 .MALM 23 /96 WHEELING LOAD 02mm PAIENIEIIIII 3.832.533

sum #01 0F 2a NORTH v ,I9 l3 "C I ii 3% 3% I v 3 PHILADELPHIA 2 3 47- EHV /38 7 4 BUFFALO 26 A LOAD EHV WASHINGTON 8 I22 Ml M I 'WHEELING [9 wEsT LOAD FIG.|

INJECTION CURRENT VALVES 4I-J D/A v 140 TRANsMIssION SIMULATOR \F LOADJIES. BUS VOLTAGE VALVES LINES-BUSES GENERATION TRANSFORMERS FIG.2

PAIENIEDAUBZTIQN 3.832.533

mm 02 0F 23 I BUS E21 I 320 414 ADMITTANCE LLINE (p-q) 1323 I 322" ,aI's

ADMITTANCE I DI (E -E Tf 30s LINE (p-n) I325 1324 FIG?) ADMITTANCE Y \1 DD p }/306 LINE (p-n) LINE OUTAGE SWITCHING I ANALOG I I I A00 DIGITAL A GENERATION AD JGIOG COMPUTER POWER Q IP A AND LINE I VOLTAGE MODULES [E] MODULES 1 SET POINTS BUS VOLTAGES AND LINE CURRENT SOLUTION F|G.4

6| 60 P l r I m 5 IP) 8 y E r I t p TO BUS-P 2 L E 73 PS 7| L I r I E l o Ep E. IDL

i I FIGS EI INTEGRATOR v I E p PAIENlEumczmu saw on or PPL \21 i23 I20 PrL P I K F I PSL 5 EL Eb.

{ LINE TO BUS 5 TO us 7 LlbE I FROM 2 w BUSES .(TRANSFORMER) 7 2 7 LINE 96 T FROM 1/0 TO BUSQ LOAD 26 FROM 1/ GENERATOR FIG.9

ANALOG FAULTING MODULES CIRCUITRY PANEL(MANUAL) Di l TAL CONTROL F|G.|OA

PATENIED'IIIII221I9II sum '05 0F 23 LINE OUTAGE SWITCHING A/D BUS VOLTAGE AND LINE CURREN sOLUTIONs 4'0 4l3 4|2- J 4!] I D/A ANALOG [E] ANALOG [E] DIGITAL POWER DYNAMIC BUS ANALOG COMPUTER VOLTAGE GENERATOR LINE LOADS SET POINTs MODULES [1G] MODULEs [IT] swING ANGLES [E] ROTATIONAL vELOCITIEs ,4 4 D/A INFINITE BUS VOLTAGE fgkflgg SET POINTS INFINITE BUSES DCU's FORLOAD ADMITTANCE ADJUSTMENTS FIG.|O

LINE CURRENT AND BUS VOLTAGE sOLUTIONs 4l3 4|O 4ll D/A [16] U L DIGITAL COMPUTER LINE OUTAGE L685: go 2kg:

SWITCHING MO 5 [1L] ANALOG TIESAND INFINITE BUSES FIG II DCU's LOAD ADMITTANCE ADJUSTMENT FAULTING DEvICE FAULTING DEvICE K/i EKI PAIENHuwczmu mum 23 PAIENIEBRUBZTIHH 3.832.533

' sum -n7or23 I 34s FAULTING DEVICE FAULTING DEVICE {456 FAULTING DEVICE I I FIG. l6.

Pmmsuw z Y 1 I 3.832.533

sum "us of 23 REAL BUS VOLT INPUT IMAGINARY BUS VOLT PATENTEDMIBZTIBH V 3.332.533 sum 10 of 23 ALB mzmsuw z 4 3.832.533

' warms-21 INTRONICS MULTIPLIER INTRONICS MULTIPLIER PAIENTEM mu in or 23 EN GI PAIENIED M82119 saw 'lsur 22;

O/A LINE BUS VOLTAGES "TIE LINE MODELS O/A IEI,PM GENERATOR SET POINTS MODELS I OATA LINE TRANSFORI IA E L [IT] SWITCHING 983 LlNK A/O ANALOG NET l SIMULATOR SOLUTION I W [E] 982 I L]- I OAO ADMITT. LOAD SETTINGS MODELS 9ss 9e7 SYSTEM STUDY OPERATORS MODE FIG.24 

1. A hybrid loadflow computer arrangement comprising a D.C. analog simulator of an A.C. network, said simulator including a plurality of bus, generator, load and line D.C. circuits interconnected to correspond to the A.C. network, a digital computer, means for transmitting from a remote digital computer on-line input data representative of predetermined network variables to said computer, said computer including means for generating signals representative of said on-line input data to said bus generator, load and line D.C. circuits, and said computer and said simulator including means for operating said D.C. circuits and generating a loadflow solution with use of said input data.
 2. A hybrid loadflow computer arrangement as set forth in claim 1 wherein said remote digital computer is a relatively large digital computer and the first mentioned digital computer is a relatively small digital computer.
 3. A hybrid loadflow computer arrangement with transient stability analysis capability comprising a D.C. analog simulator of an A.C. network, said simulator including a plurality of D.C. circuits interconnected to correspond to the A.C. network, a digital computer, means for transmitting from a remote digital computer on-line input data representative of predetermined network variables to said computer, said computer including means for generating signals representative of said on-line data to said simulator, said computer and said analog simulator including means for operating said D.C. circuits and generating a loadflow solution with use of said input data, said computer including means for imposing one or more transient faults on said analog simulator D.C. circuits after a loadflow solution has been reached, and said computer including means for monitoring said simulator to determine transient network responses and network stability resulting from the imposed faults.
 4. A hybrid arrangement as set forth in claim 3 wherein said D.C. analog simulator comprises a plurality of bus, generator, load, line and tie line D.C. circuits interconnected to correspond to said A.C. network.
 5. A hybrid loadflow computer arrangement as set forth in claim 3 wherein said remote digital computer is a relatively large digital computer and the first mentioned digital computer is a relatively small digital computer.
 6. A hybrid loadflow computer arrangement with transient stability analysis capability comprising a D.C. analog simulator of an A.C network, said simulator including a plurality of bus, generator, load, line and tie line D.C. circuits interconnected to correspond to the A.C. network, a digital computer, means for transmitting from a remote digital computer on-line input data representative of network variables including generator mechanical powers, generator terminal voltage values, first and second load admittance values for each load, load real and reactive powers, external tie bus voltages and tie line real and reactive powers, to said computer, said computer including means for generating signals representative of said network variables to corresponding bus, generator, load, line and tie line D.C. circuits, said computer and said analog simulator including means for operating said D.C. circuits and generating a loadflow solution with use of said input data, said computer including means for imposing one or more transient faults on said bus, generator, load, line and tie line D.C. circuits after a loadflow solution has been reached, and said computer including means for monitorIng said simulator to determine transient network responses and network stability resulting from the imposed faults.
 7. A hybrid loadflow computer arrangement with transient stability analysis capability as set forth in claim 6 wherein said remote digital computer is a relatively large digital computer and the first mentioned digital computer is a relatively small digital computer.
 8. A method for making loadflow solutions in a hybrid loadflow computer arrangement comprising the steps of transmitting from a remote digital computer on-line input data representative of predetermined A.C. network variables to a digital computer, operating said digital computer to generate signals representative of said on-line data to a D.C. analog simulator including a plurality of D.C. circuits interconnected to represent the A.C. network, and operating said digital computer and said analog simulator to generate a loadflow solution with use of said input data.
 9. A method of making loadflow solutions, imposing transient faults, and monitoring transient stability in a hybrid loadflow computer arrangement having transient stability analysis capability comprising the steps of transmitting from a remote digital computer on-line input data representative of predetermined A.C. network variables to a digital computer, operating said computer to generate signals representative of said on-line data to a D.C. analog simulator including a plurality of D.C. circuits interconnected to represent the A.C. network, operating said computer and said analog simulator to generate a loadflow solution with use of said input data, operating said computer to impose one or more transient faults on said analog simulator D.C. circuits after a loadflow solution has been reached, and operating said computer to monitor said simulator to determine transient network responses and network stability resulting from the imposed faults. 